Introduction The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in host metabolism, immune regulation, and disease pathogenesis. Dysbiosis—an alteration in microbial composition and function—has been linked to both T1D and T2D, though the exact mechanisms remain under investigation [1, 2]. FMT, the transfer of donor microbiota into a recipient’s gastrointestinal tract, has gained attention as a strategy to restore healthy gut microbiome and influence metabolic pathways [3]. The first report of FMT in clinical practice dates from 1958, when Eiseman successfully treated patients with pseudomembranous colitis, who had a surgical indication, with fecal enemas [4]. While it is an established treatment for Clostridioides difficile infections, its role in metabolic diseases, like diabetes, remains under investigation [5, 6]. Gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes [1]. A landmark study by Wu et al. demonstrated that T2D is characterized by
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