Abstract Background
Copeptin, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-pro ADM), and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-pro ANP) are hemodynamic stress markers released into the circulation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. As the ACS prevalence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, we need specific biomarkers that can help in the ACS diagnosis and prognosis.
Objectives
The study compared hemodynamic stress biomarkers in T2D patients with and without ACS and investigated their association with markers of myocardial necrosis [heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) & troponin-T], myocardial stress (galectin-3), plaque instability [myeloperoxidase (MPO) & pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A)], and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 30 days.
Methods
Forty T2D with ACS were enrolled as cases, and 40 T2D without ACS as controls. Personal and family histories were recorded. The collected blood from study participants was used to measure routine biochemical investigations and biomarkers.
Results
Cases had
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